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4 RW
RWMA Taper Spec for Welding Electrodes (#1 Morse Taper)
[ BACK TO TOP ]5 RW RWMA Taper Spec for Welding Electrodes (#2 Morse Taper)
[ BACK TO TOP ]Accumulator An Air Storage Tank mounted on the Resistance Welding Machine which supplies consistent air pressure regardless of fluctuations in the Plant Air System
[ BACK TO TOP ]ACME Spot Welder A Household name in Spot Welding Machines. The most well-known and popular Resistance Welding Machines manufactured in the USA
[ BACK TO TOP ]Air-over-Oil A System which converts standard available Plant Pressure to a high Welding Force in a compact Weld Gun
[ BACK TO TOP ]Ampere In Resistance Welding, an electrical unit of measurement depicting the required Weld Intensity
[ BACK TO TOP ]Anneal In Resistance Welding, to slowly cool the Base Metals at the weld interface using a lower post secondary heat so as to eliminate cracking and brittleness at or near the welded joint.
[ BACK TO TOP ]Back-Up Electrode Typically used for "Cosmetic" or "Markless" Welds. A large flat Electrode which makes contact with the exterior Base Metal during the welding process to provide a return path for Welding Current. The end result is a Spot Weld that is nearly invisible
[ BACK TO TOP ]Butt Weld The joining of two wires, end for end, to make a continuous fluid connection
[ BACK TO TOP ]C Gun A Weld Gun with a fixed "C" shaped Secondary. Weld Force is transmitted directly from the movable Electrode to the Stationary Electrode
[ BACK TO TOP ]Cap Electrode An Electrode used in a production welding environment. Requires a Shank
[ BACK TO TOP ]Cascade In Resistance Welding, to fire more than one Welding Transformer in one Welding Sequence using multiple SCRs
[ BACK TO TOP ]Circumferential Seam Weld A welded joint around the circumference of two or more overlapping Base Metals
[ BACK TO TOP ]Class I Copper Copper-Zirconium
[ BACK TO TOP ]Class II Copper Copper-Chromium, most commonly used as an Electrode Base Material for welding low carbon or high carbon steel
[ BACK TO TOP ]Class III Copper Copper-Chromium-Byrilium, used as an Electrode Base Material where high Weld Forces are present
[ BACK TO TOP ]Closed Loop Feedback Typically used in Mid-Frequency DC Resistance Welding. A method of process control where the Secondary Output is monitored and managed in real time during the entire Welding sequence to produce optimal Welded Joint Characteristics
[ BACK TO TOP ]Conduction Angle A Function of an AC Resistance Welding Control. The precise moment in time at a specific Amplitude of the 50 or 60 Hz incoming Sine Wave in which the SCR begins Conducting to generate the required intensity of Welding Current
[ BACK TO TOP ]Constant Current A type of Closed Loop Feedback where the Secondary Welding Current remains steady regardless of changes in Material Resistance, Inductive Losses (Part entering the throat depth), or Line Voltage Fluctuations
[ BACK TO TOP ]Consumable Typically, an Electrode. The "throw-away" component of a Resistance Welding Machine
[ BACK TO TOP ]Cosmetic Weld A Spot Weld where very little marking or deformation occurs in the joining process
[ BACK TO TOP ]Current Collector Head A Resistance Seam Weld Head of the highest quality, producing the most constant method of Weld Current Transfer from a Stationary to a Rotating Member
[ BACK TO TOP ]Diaphragm Weld Cylinder An Air Cylinder used in critical Resistance Spot Welds and Projection Welds. Compared to standard Piston Cup Air Cylinders, Diaphragm Cylinders produce extremely "Fast-Follow-Up" due o the absence of Friction that is produced by Cup Drag on the Cylinder Bore
[ BACK TO TOP ]Differential Pressure The Pressure on the top of the Cylinder (when present) minus the Pressure on the bottom of the Cylinder. In Resistance Welding, This would also be known as the Net Force, or Welding Force
[ BACK TO TOP ]Direct Drive In Resistance Welding, a method by which to drive a Seam Weld Head where a Motor, coupled to a Gear Reduction, is mechanically connected directly to the Seam Weld Head. Without some form of Feedback Device, as the Wheel Diameter changes due to wear, the Weld Speed is altered
[ BACK TO TOP ]Direct Weld Weld Current is transferred from the Welding Transformer, through Secondary 1, through Electrode 1, through the Part, through Electrode 2, through Secondary 2, and back to the Welding Transformer
[ BACK TO TOP ]Displacement In Resistance Welding, the measurement of the Weld Nugget Growth (expansion) in a Spot Weld or the collapse of a Projection(s) in a Projection Weld
[ BACK TO TOP ]Down-Slope In a Resistance Welding Control, the gradual "ramping down" of the Weld Current directly after Weld Time or Heat Time
[ BACK TO TOP ]Duty Cycle In Resistance Welding, the On Time of the Welding Transformer or IGBT vs the Off Time relative to a production environment
[ BACK TO TOP ]Electrode In Resistance Welding, the "throw away" Component, usually made of RWMA Copper Alloy, which makes contact with the work while under the applied Welding Force
[ BACK TO TOP ]Expulsion Also known as "Flashing". During the Welding Sequence, molten metal is projected due to lack of Weld Pressure, excessive Weld Current, or contamination on the Weld Face of the Electrode(s)
[ BACK TO TOP ]Fast Follow Up In Resistance Welding, a term describing the capability of the Movable Electrode to react to the expansion of the Weld Nugget or the Collapse of a Projection(s) during the Welding Sequence
[ BACK TO TOP ]Flow Control A Device integrated into the pneumatic System of a Resistance Welding Machine used to control the speed at which the stroke of an Air Cylinder travels to reduce impact
[ BACK TO TOP ]Force Gauge An Instrument used to measure the actual Welding Force at the Electrodes
[ BACK TO TOP ]Forge Force In a Differential Pressure System, The Gross Force or the Forge Force present at the Electrodes when the Pressure at the bottom of the Cylinder is "dumped" at a precise moment during the Welding Sequence. This higher Force assures the integrity of the Welded Joint
[ BACK TO TOP ]Gun Transformer A standard Welding Transformer with a higher than normal Secondary Voltage (up to 20 Volts) in order to accommodate Voltage Drops present in lengthy Weld Cables
[ BACK TO TOP ]Half Cycling In Resistance Welding, an Electronic malfunction in the Welding Control Circuitry (usually the SCR) resulting in Core Saturation of the AC Welding Transformer most noticeable by a distinct grunting noise and lack of Welding Current during the Welding Sequence
[ BACK TO TOP ]Heat Decay In a Low Frequency Converter Welding Machine such as a SCIAKY, Heat Decay is a timing function of the Welding Control to allow for the stored energy in the Welding Transformer to dissipate between Impulses. Lack of Heat Decay may result in the misfiring of one SCR causing the Welding Transformer to "Thump" or in extreme cases, knock out the Breaker
[ BACK TO TOP ]Heat Time In Resistance Welding, Heat Time denotes the amount of time in which the Welding Transformer is Short-Circuited or Conducting through the Base Materials. The Time Base is programmed into the Welding Control in Cycles (1/50th or 1/60th of a second) or milliseconds. 1 Cycle is equal to 16 milliseconds in a 60 Hz Frequency and 20 milliseconds in a 50 Hz Frequency
[ BACK TO TOP ]Hold Time Administered by the Welding Control, the time duration after Heat Time in which the Welding Electrodes are held at the applied Welding Force prior to release. Programmable in Cycles. (1 Cycle = 1/60 of a second or 16 milliseconds)
[ BACK TO TOP ]IGBT Short for Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor. In a Medium Frequency Inverter Welding Control, a device used to convert a Rectified D.C. Primary Voltage into an A.C. Medium Frequency (1K Hz) Primary Voltage which drives the Welding Transformer during the Welding Sequence
[ BACK TO TOP ]Indirect Weld Similar to a Direct Weld except Electrode 1 makes contact with the part at a location other than at the actual Weld Interface. This Method is usually utilized as a consequence of Part Geometry.
[ BACK TO TOP ]Inverter Also known as M.F.D.C. (Medium Frequency Direct Current), The newest Technology In Resistance Welding, where the Secondary Welding Current is a highly concentrated pure D.C. Output precisely controlled in real time during the entire Welding Sequence. Inverter Technology is more efficient than standard A.C. Systems due to a high Power Factor which can significantly lower operational costs as a result of Reduced Primary Demand. Today, Inverter Technology leads the way in the advancement of total Process Control in the Resistance Welding Industry
[ BACK TO TOP ]JIC Short for Joint Industrial Council. JIC Standards were written in the early 1950s by a joint committee of major machine tool builders and users. The purpose was to provide a uniform set of basic practices which would result in a well-built machine tool. Four standards were written: Electrical (EMP-1-67/EGP-1-67); Electronic EL-11-1971); Hydraulic (H-1-1973); and Pneumatic (P-1-1975).
[ BACK TO TOP ]Kickless Cable Also known as a Dual Conductor Welding Cable. Copper conductor ropes insulated from each other are arranged in alternate polarity relationship to achieve an excellent balance of electrical forces which virtually reduces the pulsing vibration or "KICK"
[ BACK TO TOP ]Knurl Drive In a Seam Welder, the method by which to drive one or both Weld Wheels. Two advantages of a Knurl Drive are: Constant Wheel Speed regardless of change in Wheel Diameter and continuous Dressing of the Weld Wheel via the Knurl Drive
[ BACK TO TOP ]KVA Short for Kilo-Volt-Amp. In Resistance Welding, KVA denotes Rating or Size of a Resistance Welding Machine. Actually, KVA is the Kilo-Volt-Amp Capacity of the Welding Transformer
[ BACK TO TOP ]Laminated Shunt Constructed of Copper Laminations, the Flexible Joint on the Secondary of a Resistance Welding Machine to accommodate the Movable Electrode
[ BACK TO TOP ]Load Distribution In Resistance Welding, the capability of a single phase Welding Control to drive more than one Welding Transformer across more than one Phase in a single Welding Sequence.
[ BACK TO TOP ]Longitudinal Seam Weld A welded joint along the length of the overlapping Base Metal(s)
[ BACK TO TOP ]LVC Short for Line Voltage Compensation. The capability of the Welding Control to compensate for abnormal fluctuations in Supply Power that may occur during the Welding Sequence
[ BACK TO TOP ]Mil-Spec Welding A Resistance Welding Standard developed and published by and for the United States Military as a basis for Quality Assurance of Critical Resistance Welded Joints. Most Aerospace Manufacturers adhere to Mil-Spec Resistance Welding Standards and Guidelines
[ BACK TO TOP ]Monitoring In Resistance Welding, to oversee actual results of specific data such as: Secondary Weld Current, Secondary Weld Voltage at the Electrodes, Secondary Resistance, Welding Force, and Displacement during the entire Welding Sequence
[ BACK TO TOP ]Mushrooming Occurs when the Welding Electrodes loose shape as a result of Weld Force and Weld Current. This is unavoidable and can be maintained by properly dressing the Electrodes
[ BACK TO TOP ]NEC Short for National Electrical Code. A standard for the safe installation of electrical wiring and equipment
[ BACK TO TOP ]Nose Type In Resistance Welding, the RWMA description of the Welding Electrode Geometry
[ BACK TO TOP ]Nugget Expansion The growth of the Welded Joint that can be measured during the Welding Sequence
[ BACK TO TOP ]Off Time In Resistance Welding, Off Time denotes the amount of time in which the Electrodes open after the Welding Sequence and remain open prior to the welding sequence automatically repeating. Programmable in Cycles. (1 Cycle = 1/60 of a second or 16 milliseconds)
[ BACK TO TOP ]OSHA Short for Occupational Safety & Health Administration. Federally funded by the U.S. Government, OSHA constitutes and governs standards for Workplace Environments to protect all Laborers from work related injury or death caused by faulty equipment or worker negligence
[ BACK TO TOP ]Pass Through In Resistance Welding, a type of Multi-Spot Welding Machine that allows for the Part, as it is welded, to "Pass" or "Index" Through the Machine for production purposes
[ BACK TO TOP ]Ped Welder See Press Welder
[ BACK TO TOP ]Percent Heat In Resistance Welding, a programmable parameter in the Welding Control that is used to increase or decrease the Secondary Weld Current
[ BACK TO TOP ]Phase Rotation Synching the Three Phase Power Source with the Resistance Welding Machine. Proper Phase Rotation is essential on Frequency Converter Resistance Welding Machines
[ BACK TO TOP ]Plain Copper Also known as Alloy 110. In Resistance Welding, Alloy 110 Copper is the base material used to construct the Secondary Welding Circuit
[ BACK TO TOP ]Platen On a Press Welder, a T-Slotted Base on the upper and lower Secondary used to attach tooling for part specific applications
[ BACK TO TOP ]PLC Short for Programmable Logic Controller. A fully programmable CPU that is used to administer machine function in an industrial and automated environment
[ BACK TO TOP ]Power Factor The power factor of an AC electric power system is defined as the ratio of the real power to the apparent power, and is a number between 0 to 1 inclusive. The significance of power factor lies in the fact that utility companies supply customers with volt-amperes, but bill them for watts. Power factors below 1.0 require a utility to generate more than the minimum volt-amperes necessary to supply the real power (watts). This increases generation and transmission costs. Good power factor is considered to be greater than 0.85 or 85%. Utilities may charge additional costs to customers who have a power factor below some limit
[ BACK TO TOP ]Press Welder A Type of Resistance Welding Machine where the Weld Cylinder is directly connected to the movable Electrode resulting in a smooth and guided method of generating Weld Force
[ BACK TO TOP ]Process Control In Resistance Welding, to refine a Weld Schedule and continuously verify the results using a capable Weld Monitoring Instrument
[ BACK TO TOP ]Projection A stamped Protrusion in a piece of metal
[ BACK TO TOP ]Projection Weld In Resistance Welding, to set down or burn-in a projection using a suitable Welding Current and Force. This process is normally used in applications where part geometry prohibits typical Spot Welding
[ BACK TO TOP ]Pull Test A destructive test used to validate the strength of a Welded Joint. The Test is usually performed using a Pull Tester which measures and displays the results
[ BACK TO TOP ]Push-Pull Typically used on a Multi-Spot Resistance Welding Machine. A Welding Transformer configuration which permits the Part, as it is being welded, to unobstructedly pass through the Machine in a fluid productive manner
[ BACK TO TOP ]Quench Time In Resistance Welding, Quench Time is the time lapse between Heat Time and Temper Time also known as Post Heat. The Time Base is programmed into the Welding Control in Cycles (1/50th or 1/60th of a second) or milliseconds. 1 Cycle is equal to 16 milliseconds in a 60 Hz Frequency and 20 milliseconds in a 50 Hz Frequency
[ BACK TO TOP ]R.O.T.F. Short for Rough Oversized to Finish. A term used when ordering Forged Copper Weld Wheel Blanks. The machined O.D. and Thickness of the Wheel is given as the R.O.T.F. dimensions when ordering
[ BACK TO TOP ]Ram A Mechanical Link which guides and transfers the Welding Force from the Weld Cylinder to the Upper Electrode or Tooling
[ BACK TO TOP ]Repeat In a Resistance Welding Control, to continually sequence the weld schedule as the Initiation switch is held closed when the Repeat Switch is in the on position. See Off Time
[ BACK TO TOP ]Resistance Weld See Spot Weld
[ BACK TO TOP ]Retraction An option available on most Resistance Welding Machines. Retraction is an extended Electrode Opening for the purpose of accommodating Parts with geometry too large to enter into the standard Electrode Opening which is usually 1/4" - 3/8" aprox
[ BACK TO TOP ]Rise Time In an Inverter Welding Control, Rise Time refers to the time required, in milliseconds, for the Secondary Welding Current to change from zero to the programmed value
[ BACK TO TOP ]Rocker Arm Spot Welder A Type of Resistance Welding Machine where the Weld Cylinder is indirectly connected to the movable Electrode through a Fulcrum
[ BACK TO TOP ]Roller Ram A low inertia precision Mechanical Link which guides and transfers the Welding Force from the Weld Cylinder to the Upper Electrode or Tooling
[ BACK TO TOP ]RWMA Short for Resistance Welding Manufacturing Alliance. Develops equipment standards for the protection and benefit of buyers and users of Resistance Welding Equipment and Accessories. Resistance Welding Manufacturing Alliance encourages the highest standards of ethics in the resistance welding industry
[ BACK TO TOP ]Scissor Gun In Resistance Welding, a Portable Weld Gun which is based on the same mechanical principles as a Rocker Arm Spot Welder
[ BACK TO TOP ]SCR Short for Silicon Controlled Rectifier. A 4-layer solid state device that controls current flow. In an A.C. Resistance Welding Machine, a SCR is used to switch the Welding Transformer on during Heat Time
[ BACK TO TOP ]Seam Weld A uniform continuous chain of Resistance Welds. The Welding Electrodes are usually in the form of Copper Wheels which index the Base Metals at a precise rate of speed to perform a very consistent Welded Joint
[ BACK TO TOP ]Secondary Circuit In Resistance Welding, the entire Electrical Connection and Structure that is attached to the Secondary of the Welding Transformer
[ BACK TO TOP ]SEEDORFF Rapid Gun Adjust On a Multi-Spot Resistance Welding Machine, an ingenious Weld Gun Mounting System which allows for infinite, effortless, and swift Weld Gun Adjustability
[ BACK TO TOP ]Series Weld Weld Current is transferred from the Welding Transformer, through Secondary 1, through Electrode 1, through the Part, through the Series Back-Up Bar, through the Part, through Electrode 2, through Secondary 2, and back to the Welding Transformer. This Method produces two simultaneous Spot Welds
[ BACK TO TOP ]Shank In Resistance Welding, a Component used to hold a Cap Electrode
[ BACK TO TOP ]Shunt See Laminated Shunt
[ BACK TO TOP ]Sleeve Bearing Head In Resistance Welding, a type of Seam Weld Head usually constructed of a Class III Copper Shaft which rotates in Class II Copper Sleeve Bearings. Conductive Grease is used to minimize friction and allow smooth Shaft rotation
[ BACK TO TOP ]SPC Short for Statistical Process Control. a method for achieving quality control in manufacturing processes. It employs control charts to detect whether the process observed is under control.
[ BACK TO TOP ]Spot Weld A Spot Weld or a Resistance Weld is a Metal Joining Process requiring no Filler Medium. This process is based solely on the principle of OHMS LAW where V(voltage) = I(current) x R(resistance). Most Base Metals have very low Resistance (micro-ohms). Low Voltage Secondary Outputs (up to 30 VAC in a Spot Welding Transformer) in conjunction with the Low Resistance in the Base Material can produce a very High Current (Kilo-Ampere) Draw through the interface of the stack of two or more metals to be joined. This high "Welding Current" almost instantly liquefies the metal at the interface where the electrodes make contact under pressure with the base materials. When the Welding Current is turned off, the water circulating through the electrodes, while still under pressure, secures the welded joint. And this is the basis behind Resistance Welding, also known as Spot Welding
[ BACK TO TOP ]Squeeze Time The time allotted for the Movable Electrode to make contact with the work and develop the required Welding Force. Programmable in Cycles. (1 Cycle = 1/60 of a second or 16 milliseconds)
[ BACK TO TOP ]Stepper A programmable function in the Welding Control which automatically increases or decreases the Welding Current in programmed Step Counts based on the rate of Electrode wear
[ BACK TO TOP ]Surface Resistance The Electrical Resistance at the surface of the Base Metal prior to Resistance Welding
[ BACK TO TOP ]Swivel Electrode A Back-Up Electrode used on a Rocker Arm Spot Welder for producing Cosmetic Welds
[ BACK TO TOP ]Tap Switch The coarse mechanical heat adjustment of the Welding Transformer
[ BACK TO TOP ]Temper Heat Also known as Post Heat. In the Resistance Welding of High Carbon Steel or Heat Treated Non-Ferrous Alloys, a function of the Welding Control in which a second lower Heat is applied in order to anneal the Welded Joint
[ BACK TO TOP ]Temper Time The programmable time in which the Temper Heat is applied during the Welding Sequence
[ BACK TO TOP ]Throat Depth In a Resistance Welding Machine, the Throat Depth accommodates the physical dimensions of the Work at the Welded Joint and is defined as: the unobstructed reach from the Electrodes to the Machine
[ BACK TO TOP ]Tip See Electrode
[ BACK TO TOP ]Tip Dresser A Tool designed to clean and reface a Resistance Welding Electrode
[ BACK TO TOP ]Trans Gun A Weld Gun with an integrated, on-board Welding Transformer. Also known as Robot Weld Gun or Roboterpunktschweißung Gewehr
[ BACK TO TOP ]Turns Ratio In a Resistance Welding Transformer, the Ratio of Primary Windings to Secondary Windings. Usually, the Secondary is 1 (ie 50:1, 50 Turns primary to 1 Turn Secondary)
[ BACK TO TOP ]Upset A term used in Butt Welding, where the square end of one wire is forced, under pressure, into the square end of another wire during the Welding Sequence. The end result is a welded joint with a minor bulge around the circumference of the wire at the connection
[ BACK TO TOP ]Up-Slope In Resistance Welding, a programmable parameter in the Welding Control that is used to gradually ramp up the Welding Current to "Burn Through" the coating of Galvanized, Galvaneal, or Aluminized Sheet Metal
[ BACK TO TOP ]Water Chiller In Resistance Welding, a programmable stand-alone Water Recirculating System that provides precise temperature-controlled water-cooling to the Resistance Welding Machine and Electrodes/Weld Wheels
[ BACK TO TOP ]Weld Face The physical area of the Electrode or Weld Wheel that makes contact with the Work. The Weld Face directly influences the size and characteristics of the Weld Nugget
[ BACK TO TOP ]Weld Force The required physical Force at the Electrodes, Tooling, or Seam Welding Wheels during the Welding Sequence to produce a qualified Resistance Welded Joint
[ BACK TO TOP ]Weld Force Gauge An Instrument used to measure Weld Force at the Electrodes or Seam Welding Wheels
[ BACK TO TOP ]Weld Gap In a Resistance Welding Machine, the Weld Gap accommodates the physical dimensions of the Work at the Welded Joint and is defined as: the unobstructed area between the Upper and Lower Secondary
[ BACK TO TOP ]Weld Nugget The created tangible Joint of two or more separate base metals produced by a Resistance Welding Machine
[ BACK TO TOP ]Weld Time Begins automatically after Squeeze Time. The time allotted for the Electrical Source to "short circuit" or "conduct" through the stack of weldable metals under applied force. Programmable in Cycles. (1 Cycle = 1/60 of a second or 16 milliseconds)
[ BACK TO TOP ]Weld Wheel A round Electrode used on a Resistance Seam Welder to produce uniform in-line Welds
[ BACK TO TOP ]Welding Cable A high-ampicity flexible Conductor used to transfer Welding Current from the Welding Transformer to a Weld Gun. Welding Cables are constructed of Hi-Con Copper Rope and can be water-cooled to reduce the physical size of the Cable
[ BACK TO TOP ]Welding Control In Resistance Welding, a Micro-processor based Electronic Device responsible for administering precise Resistance Welding Timing Sequences and magnitude of Welding Current
[ BACK TO TOP ]Welding Current In Resistance Welding , a Unit of Measurement (Ampere) of Heat Intensity during the Welding Sequence required to make a successful Weld
[ BACK TO TOP ]Welding Transformer The Main Component in a Resistance Welding Machine which generates the required Welding Current by "short-circuiting" through the Part Interface. The Size or Rating of the Welding Transformer is based on the physical Kilo-Volt-Ampere (KVA) capacity and efficiency of the Device
[ BACK TO TOP ]X Gun A Weld Gun where the Weld Cylinder is indirectly connected to the movable Electrode through a Fulcrum
[ BACK TO TOP ]Zero Gravity Balancer In a manual Resistance Weld Gun Station, an adjustable suspension system which allows the Weld Gun to float at a desired work level for ease of manipulation
[ BACK TO TOP ]Zirconium Electrode An Electrode used for Welding Galvanized, Galvaneal, or Aluminized Coated Sheet Metals. The Zirconium Electrode provides a non-stick Weld Face Surface which reduces Tip Contamination caused by the burn-off of the Coating during the Welding Sequence
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